递延所得税资产的确认与盈余管理
The Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets and the Earnings Management
【摘要】 2006年2月,新会计准则的颁布实现了我国会计准则与国际财务报告准则的实质性趋同。随着新会计准则的实施,新旧会计准则转换与衔接过程中的问题和新准则的实施效果受到各方的密切关注。新准则有关所得税会计处理较之原有规定有重大改变,只允许采用资产负债表债务法,与对应的国际会计准则取得了一致,但却没有对递延所得税资产的确认提出严格限制条件。那么,管理层确认递延所得税资产所依赖的盈余预测是否合理?是否存在潜亏挂账的情况?上市公司是否通过递延所得税资产的确认操高报告利润?这些问题成为本文研究的重点。在此背景下,本文利用2006年和2007年的财务报告数据,对我国上市公司递延所得税资产确认的盈余预测依据、递延所得税资产确认的盈余预测准确度、递延所得税资产确认的盈余管理动机,以及应计项目盈余管理基础上递延所得税资产确认的增量作用等问题进行了检验。本研究发现,上市公司确认递延所得税资产时所依据的盈余预测与其历史盈余状况密切相关;2006年递延所得税资产追溯确认选择,与其2007年实际盈余结果具有较高的关联性,但2006年发生亏损的上市公司的盈余预测准确度低;没有发现存在薪酬激励、债务约束的上市公司管理层通过递延所得税资产操高利润的证据;但研究结果表明,2006年新被ST的上市公司存在利用2006年追溯确认的潜亏挂账并造成公司“虚胖”的现象。同时,在采用总应计项目检测微利上市公司的盈余管理时,本研究没有发现其递延所得税资产确认具有盈余管理增量作用;但对所有样本盈利上市公司盈余管理进行的检测表明,盈利上市公司递延所得税资产确认具有对盈余管理增量作用。本研究的主要贡献:基于所得税会计规范变迁的制度背景,对我国转型经济环境下递延所得税资产的确认与盈余管理问题进行了分析探讨和实证检验,研究结果不仅丰富和拓展了现有文献的研究工作,也为准则制定机构评估新所得税会计准则实施效果提供了证据支持和反馈信息。 

【Abstract】 The Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises issued on 15 February 2006 substantially converged with International Financial Reporting Standards. The problems switching from the previous accounting standards to the new one and implementation effects have been generally concerned by regulators, scholors and professionals. As to the standard of Income Tax, whether the future earnings prediction upon which deferred tax assets is fully recognized and reliable? Can the future economic benefits of deferred tax assets flow into the company? Do listed companies use the recognition in terms of deferred tax assets as an overstating earnings tool? This study mainly investigates the above questions.This study examines the following issues, using 2006 annual reports and 2007 data: firstly, whether future earnings prediction, which the retroactive recognition of deferred tax assets is based on, is relevant to the historical earnings, and uses the 2007 actual earnings data to detect whether the future earnings prediction is accurate; then explores whether the newly adopted recognition policy of the deferred tax assets which allows more sufficient subjective judgment has given the management opportunities of earnings management; at last, assess the incremental usefulness of deferred tax assets in detecting earnings management to avoid a loss beyond total accruals and abnormal accruals. Evidences suggest that future earnings prediction, which the retroactive recognition of deferred tax assets is based on, is highly relevant to the historical earnings and 2007 actual earnings, except that the earnings prediction of the 2006 loss companies is not so accurate. The result doesn't reveal that companies overstate 2007 income using deferred tax asset for their bonus and for their debt contract motivations. However, the listed companies being special treated during 2006 do extensively recognize deferred tax assets to overstate assets. Evidences suggest deferred tax assets provide incremental value over total accrual items when detecting earnings management of all profit companies, however, this conclusion cannot be drawn when turns to small profit companies. The contribution of this study might be the follows: under the institutional background of income tax accounting standards transformation, this study empirically investigates the relavance of recognition of deferred tax assets with earnings management, which increases the evidences to the study in this field and gives feedbacks for standards setter and regulators to evaluate the implementation effectiveness. 

【关键词】 债务法; 递延所得税资产; 盈余管理
【Key words】 Liability Method; Deferred Tax Assets; Earnings Management
  递延所得税资产的确认与盈余管理

摘要 4-5
Abstract 5-6
第一章 导论 9-13
    第一节 研究背景及动机 9-11
    第二节 研究内容与研究方法 11-12
    第三节 本文贡献与局限 12-13
第二章 文献回顾与制度背景分析 13-24
    第一节 所得税会计处理方法的分歧 13-18
    第二节 递延所得税资产的确认与披露 18-24
第三章 研究设计 24-35
    第一节 研究假设 24-27
    第二节 数据来源、样本选择与研究方法 27-35
第四章 研究结果 35-51
    第一节 递延所得税资产确认的盈余预测依据 35-38
    第二节 递延所得税资产确认的盈余预测准确度 38-41
    第三节 递延所得税资产确认的盈余管理动机 41-44
    第四节 递延所得税资产确认对盈余管理检测的增量作用 44-51
第五章 研究结论 51-52
参考文献 52-57
后记 57