社会比较、自尊及其与自我效能感的关系
A Research on Social Comparison, Esteem and Self-efficiency
【中文摘要】 社会比较是人类在生活及工作中了解自己的一个重要途径。如同Marsh(1984)提出的大鱼小池效应理论一样,高水平的同伴环境会降低个体的自我概念。关于社会比较产生的同化及对比两种效应,Musswelier(2003)提出了选择性通达模型来进行解释,而更有研究指出自尊在社会比较及个体自我评价之间起调节作用。在研究一中,依据Musswelier的模型,验证在中国的文化背景下,不同社会比较情境的启动对运动员自我效能感的差异。以某体育大学的58名学生运动员为研究参与者,研究中将研究参与者分为三个组别,即榜样启动组、天才启动组和控制组,对研究参与者分别实施前后测,方差分析结果发现,榜样启动组与天才启动组的自我效能感差异显著,Musswelier的理论模型得到了支持。在研究二中,探讨内隐自尊及外显自尊在社会比较倾向和自我效能感之间的调节作用。采用IAT内隐联想测验测查了上述研究参与者的内隐自尊,采用量表法测得运动员的外显自尊、社会比较倾向水平及自我效能感。分层多元回归结果发现,社会比较倾向对自我效能感的影响与自尊无关,即本研究中没有得到自尊的调节作用。本研究初步验证了Musswelier的选择通达模型,在以后的研究中,应该改进研究方法,并且对社会比较与自我效能感的中介及调节作用做进一步的探讨。  还原

【英文摘要】 Social comparison is a main way people used in evaluating themselves in everyday living and working.Same as the Big-fish-little-pool effect posed by Marsh(1984),surrounded by high-level companions would lower one' s self-concept.Musswelier(2003) raised a Selective Accessibility Model to explain the Assimilation and Contrast effects during social comparison,and some other researches pointed out that self-esteem mediated between social comparison and self-evaluation.In study one,according to the Musswelier model,the researcher tried to verify the priming of athlete self-efficacy caused by different social comparison condition under Chinese culture background.Subjects were 58 students from some Sport University,which were divided into 3 groups: the example priming group,the genius priming group and the control group, pre- and post- tests were carried out.The analysis of variance-results showed that significant differences existed among the example priming group,the genius priming group.The Musswelier model was verified.In study two,the mediated effects caused by implicit and explicit self-esteem between social comparison and self-efficacy were tested.IAT was used to test the implicit self-esteem and scales were used to get scores of explicit self-esteem,social comparison level and self-efficacy level.The analysis of hierarchical multiple regression results was:The relationship of social comparison effected self-efficacy was no correlation about self-esteem,which meant that there was no mediation effect of self-esteem.This research had an elementary validation of the Musswelier' Selective Accessibility Model.In future studies,the research methods should be improved and a further discussion on the mediating effect of self esteem on the relationship between social comparison and self-efficacy.  还原

【中文关键词】 选择性通达模型; 社会比较; 自我效能感; 内隐自尊; 外显自尊
【英文关键词】 Selective Accessibility Model; Social comparison; Self-efficiency; implicit self-esteem; explicit self-esteem
摘要 5-6
ABSTRACT 6
1 引言 9-10
2 文献综述 10-19
    2.1 社会比较 10-15
        2.1.1 社会比较的含义 10-11
        2.1.2 社会比较的类型及动机 11-12
        2.1.3 社会比较的测量 12-13
        2.1.4 社会比较的研究状况 13-15
    2.2 自我效能感 15-18
        2.2.1 自我效能感的定义 15-16
        2.2.2 自我效能感的功能 16
        2.2.3 自我效能感的影响因素 16-17
        2.2.4 体育运动中的自我效能感 17-18
    2.3 自尊 18-19
        2.3.1 外显自尊及其测量 18
        2.3.2 内隐自尊及其测量 18-19
3 总体研究思路 19-27
    3.1 研究目的及意义 22-23
    3.2 方法 23-27
        3.2.1 测量工具 23
        3.2.2 预实验 23-26
        3.2.3 实验程序 26-27
        3.2.4 被试 27
4 结果 27-31
    4.1 运动员天才组与榜样组的差异性检验 27-29
        4.1.1 三组被试自我效能感测量结果 28
        4.1.2 组间差异性检验 28-29
    4.2 自尊能否成为运动员社会比较与自我效能感的调节变量 29-31
5 讨论 31-33
    5.1 不同的社会比较情境启动下运动员的自我效能感差异 31-32
    5.2 自尊作为社会比较倾向与自我效能感调节变量的探讨 32
    5.3 本研究的应用及不足 32-33
6 结论 33-36
参考文献 36-40
附录 40-47
个人简历 在读期间发表的学术论文与研究成果 47