温室水果黄瓜生长发育模拟模型研究
Study on Greenhouse Fruit Cucumber Growth and Development Simulation Model

【中文摘要】 作物生长模拟模型是目前数字农业研究中的一个热点。建立温室园艺作物生长发育的模拟模型,可以为温室环境优化调控和作物生长发育定量化管理提供科学的依据。本研究以无限生长型水果黄瓜“碧玉”作为试验对象,分别在镇江市瑞京农业科技示范园和江苏大学农业工程研究院的自控连栋玻璃温室进行了多个田间试验。通过对试验数据的系统分析,以作物生理生态过程为基础,建立了温室水果黄瓜生育期模拟模型;以累积生长度日为尺度,依次建立了温室水果黄瓜的器官建成模拟模型和基于黄瓜器官建成的干物质分配模型。在温室水果黄瓜生育期模型中,以日平均温度作为发育尺度,基于正弦指数模拟模型对黄瓜达到各个生育阶段的时间进行了量化。利用不同地点和时间的试验观测数据对模型进行验证,结果表明,本模型对温室水果黄瓜从发芽、幼苗、抽蔓、采收初期和采收盛期的预测值和观测值之间回归估计标准误差RMSE(Root Mean Square Error)分别为0.5,1.12,1.87,1.58,2.55d,预测效果要优于有效积温法(RMSE为0.87,3.54,1.80,1.58,6.04d)。在温室水果黄瓜器官建成模拟模型中,以温室内无土栽培水果黄瓜各器官生长发育变化规律为基础,分析黄瓜植株主要生长发育特征与温度的关系,选用已建成的叶龄发育模型模拟了水果黄瓜叶龄的发育过程,通过试验数据确定了模型的参数。对模型验证的结果表明,所选用的模拟模型可以准确地预测水果黄瓜的叶龄。根据试验观测数据建立了叶片扩展模型,并通过不同叶龄的试验观测数据对模型进行了验证,模拟结果与试验观测值基本一致。基于黄瓜器官建成的同化物分配模型中,在现有的同化物分配理论的基础上,提出了基于器官发育模型的同化物再分配过程模拟,将器官的形态扩展和同化物分配过程相结合,确定了不同植株叶龄、不同位置的叶片获得的干物质模型,将同化物分配和形态扩展过程有机地融为一体。利用试验观测数据对所构建的同化物再分配模型进行了初步的验证分析,结果表明模拟结果与观测值之间就有较好的一致性,模型达到一定的可靠性和准确性。本论文的研究所建立的温室水果黄瓜生长发育模拟模型,可以预测黄瓜生长生育过程,预测各个阶段黄瓜的形态结构和同化物分配,并且具有较高的精确性、机理性和实用性,对于科学高效地进行温室环境调控和栽培管理具有一定的指导作用。

【英文摘要】 The model of crop growth is a hot point of the digital agricultural research.The model of growth and development of horticultural crops in greenhouse can be provided for greenhouse environment control and crop growth and development quantitative management.Therefore,in this study,"jasper" fruit cucumbers with the unlimited growth type are used as subjects,and a number of field trials were conducted in Rui Jing Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Zhenjiang City and controlled multi-span glass greenhouse of Agricultural Engineering Academy of Jiangsu University to collect data for model development and validation.Firstly,a model for greenhouse fruit cucumber growth and development simulation was developed based on the physiological development of fruit cucumber in greenhouse. Secondly,the model for simulating the establishment of organs of greenhouse fruit cucumber was based on the cucumber distribution model of assimilation,so was the model of dry-matter distribution based on the model for simulating the establishment of organs of greenhouse fruit cucumber.In greenhouse fruit cucumber development model,to the average date temperature as the development scale,the time reached on various growth stages of cucumber was quantified based on the Sine index model.The test data with different place and time was used to verify the model.The results show that the root mean squared error(RMSE) for the prediction of germination,seedlings,sucking vine,the early harvest and harvest period were 0.5,1.12,1.87,1.58,2.55d,respectively. Compared with Growing Degree Days(RMSE for 0.87,3.54,1.80,1.58,and 6.04 d), the forecast precision of exponential sine equation preceded.In the simulation model of organs of cucumber fruit building in a greenhouse,the relationship of the main characteristics of cucumber plant growth and development and temperature was analyzed based on the study of the changes of organ growth and development of cucumber fruit with unlimited growth pattern in soiUess culture.The parameters of the model was determined based on analysis of the test data.The model was validated,and the results show that the selected model can accurately predict the leaf of cucumber.According to the model of leaf expansion based on observational data,the test model was validated through the different observational data,the results of model simulation and experimental observations are basically the same.In the model of dry-distribution,the leaf age of different plants leaves and the distribution of assimilation at different positions were confirmed based on the distribution process of assimilation in combination to the organ building process. Construction of the use of the redistribution of the assimilation model,using experimental data,the model built is verified by preliminary analysis,the results show that the simulated values and observed ones have a better consistency,the model meets the reliability and accuracy in a certain extent.In this paper,the simulation model of greenhouse cucumber fruit growth and development can predict the reproductive process of the cucumber and the form of structure and dry-distribution in the various stages with higher accuracy,and rational and practical property.It plays the leading role for greenhouse cultivation and management control scientific.

【中文关键词】 温室; 黄瓜; 模拟模型; 发育阶段; 器官建成; 干物质分配

【英文关键词】 greenhouse; cucumber; simulation model; development stage; organ development; dry-matter distribution
【论文目录】
摘要 5-6
ABSTRACT 6-7
第一章 绪论 10-18
    1.1 研究的意义和目的 10-11
    1.2 国内外作物生长模型的研究进展 11-16
        1.2.1 作物生长模型的定义和特征 11-12
        1.2.2 国外作物生长模型的研究进展 12-14
        1.2.3 国内作物生长模型研究进展 14-15
        1.2.4 研究中涉及的模型研究进展 15-16
    1.3 本文的主要研究内容 16-18
第二章 温室水果黄瓜生育期模拟模型的研究 18-26
    2.1 材料和方法 18-19
        2.1.1 材料 18
        2.1.2 方法 18-19
        2.1.3 数据采集 19
    2.2 黄瓜生育期模拟模型的建立 19-22
        2.2.1 黄瓜生育时期的划分 19-20
        2.2.2 Male正弦函数模型的基本形式 20-21
        2.2.3 黄瓜生育期模拟正弦函数模型的建立 21-22
    2.3 模型参数的确定及其检验 22-25
        2.3.1 参数的确定 22
        2.3.2 模型的验证 22-24
        2.3.3 模型与有效积温法模拟结果的比较 24-25
    2.4 本章小结 25-26
第三章 温室水果黄瓜器官建成模拟模型 26-39
    3.1 黄瓜地上部分形态特征描述 26
    3.2 试验材料和方法 26-27
    3.3 黄瓜叶龄发育模型 27-30
        3.3.1 叶龄模拟的基本模型 27-28
        3.3.2 黄瓜叶龄模拟模型 28-29
        3.3.3 叶龄发育模型参数确定及模型检验 29-30
    3.4 叶片扩展模型 30-37
        3.4.1 最大叶长和最大叶宽与叶序之间的关系模型 30-31
        3.4.2 叶长和叶宽的平均增长速率模型 31
        3.4.3 单叶叶面积扩展模型 31-32
        3.4.4 模型验证 32-37
    3.5 果实生长发育模型 37-38
    3.6 本章小结 38-39
第四章 基于黄瓜器官建成同化物分配模拟模型 39-52
    4.1 黄瓜形态结构与生理之间的关系 39
    4.2 材料与方法 39-40
    4.3 黄瓜干物质在各器官间分配的动态模拟模型描述 40-47
        4.3.1 分配指数的定义 40-41
        4.3.2 黄瓜干物质生产在地上部分和地下部分的分配 41-44
        4.3.3 黄瓜干物质生产在地上部分各个器官的分配 44-47
    4.4 基于同化物再分配的植株器官建成模型描述 47-51
        4.4.1 同化物在同种器官内的再分配模型 47-48
        4.4.2 模型参数确定与验证 48-51
    4.5 本章小结 51-52
第五章 结语 52-54
    5.1 研究工作总结 52
    5.2 后续研究建议 52-53
    5.3 本文主要学术贡献 53-54
致谢 54-55
参考文献 55-59
硕士期间发表论文 59
硕士期间参与科研工作 59