基于知识流动与创造的虚拟研发模式研究
Study on Virtual R&D Model Based on Knowledge Flow and Creating
【摘要】 在政府政策的引导下,作为技术创新主体的企业对研发(Research and Development, R&D)的热情在不断的升温。与此同时有关如何提高R&D效率与效果的研究也受到了学者和企业领导者的重视,其中R&D模式是一个值得研究的重要课题。从历史上看,R&D模式的发展经过了五个阶段。R&D模式的发展历程与企业所面临的市场、技术和环境密切相关。如今我们已经跨入了知识经济时代,时代的变化必然会使R&D模式随之变化,以适应环境的要求。本文在参考国内外大量文献的基础上,借鉴前人的研究成果,围绕知识价值链理论,提出知识经济背景下实现知识流动和创造是新型R&D模式的关键。在对虚拟R&D模式这样一个可以实现知识流动与创造的R&D模式进行详细的理论研究和案例研究以及借鉴发达国家发展虚拟R&D的经验后,针对我国的R&D现状和虚拟R&D发展状况,提出实现我国技术跨越式发展,加快虚拟R&D建设的政策建议。本文共分为五章:第一章“绪论”本章主要介绍本文的选题背景、研究思路等。第二章“知识的流动与创造的相关文献综述与影响因素分析”。本章是本文的重要理论章节。本章回顾了知识价值链、知识流动与创造机制的相关文献,提出了实现知识流动与创造是知识价值链的关键,同时也是R&D的关键,并分析了研发活动中知识流动与创造机制以及影响因素。第三章“基于知识流动与创造的虚拟研发模式研究”。虚拟R&D组织是实现知识流动与创造的实用性组织模式。本章对虚拟R&D组织的概念由来、类型、优势和风险以及虚拟R&D组织的知识流动与创造机制进行了研究。第四章“虚拟R&D模式的案例研究”。本章以1993年9月美国政府为推动推动美国汽车技术革命而建立的汽车合作伙伴计划,即新一代汽车合作伙伴计划(PNGV)为研究对象来说明虚拟R&D组织的整合知识的有效性。第五章“虚拟R&D的国际比较及对我国的启示”是本文的政策框架部分。在对美国和日本的虚拟R&D发展状况、我国科技发展状况以及我国虚拟R&D发展状况与存在的问题进行研究后,对如何发展我国的虚拟R&D提出了自己的观点。从而构成了从理论到实践的较为完整的体系。

【Abstract】 In the Government's policy guidance, the enterprises, as the main technological innovation entity paid more and more attention to R&D. Meanwhile, the research related to how to promote the Efficiency and effectiveness was also paid more attention, and R&D model is a factor that is worth being studied.From a historical point of view, the development of R & D model experienced five stages. The development of R & D model had a closely connection with the market, technology and the environment. Now we have entered the era of knowledge economy, the changes of the times will enable R & D model for the shift to meet environmental requirements.This article in the reference massive domestic and foreign literature foundation, profits from predecessors’research results, revolves the theory of knowledge value chain and poses that achieving knowledge flows and creation is the key to the new R&D model under knowledge-based economy. After the theory and case studies to the virtual R&D model that can achieve a flow and creation of knowledge and profiting from virtual research and development experiences from developed countries, this article poses the policies and suggestions that can promote the construction of virtual R&D and the development of technology in view of the current R&D situation and the development of virtual R&D.This is separared to five chapters:Chapter one Introduction.This chapter mainly introduces the topic background and research ideas of this article.Chapter two The relevant literature review of knowledge flow and creation and analysis of factors affecting. This chapter is the important theoretical sections of this paper. This chapter reminds the relevant literature of the knowledge value chain, knowledge flow and creation, proposes that knowledge flow and creation the key to the value chain,and also the key R & D ,and analyzes knowledge flows and create mechanisms and factors in the research and development activities.Chapter Three The research of virtual R&D model based on knowledge flow and creation." Virtual R & D organization is a practical organizational model that can achieve knowledge flows and creation. This chapter studies the concept,origin,type,,advantages and risks ,and the knowledge flow and creation mechanisms of virtual R & D organization.Chapter IV Case studies of the virtual R & D organization." This chapter studies the new generation of cars Partner Program (PNGV) made by the U.S. government to promote the technological revolution and the establishment of the car Partner Program in September 1993 to illustrate the effectiveness of the virtual R & D organizations to achieve the integration of knowledgeChapter V The International Comparison of the virtual R & D and the Enlightenment to China" is part of the policy framework. After the studies of the experiences of the United States and Japan to develop virtual R & D,the existing problems of development of science of china,This chapter proposes the advices on how to develop the China's virtual R & D , Thus constitute a more complete system from theory to practice.

【关键词】 知识流动与创造; 知识价值链; 虚拟研发组织; 政策建议
  基于知识流动与创造的虚拟研发模式研究

摘要 3-4
Abstract 4-5
第一章 绪论 8-12
    1.1 选题背景及问题的提出 8-9
    1.2 研究思路与框架 9-10
    1.3 创新与不足 10-12
第二章 知识流动与创造的相关文献综述与影响因素 12-23
    2.1 知识价值链 12-14
        2.1.1 波特的价值链理论 12
        2.1.2 知识价值链 12-14
    2.2 研发活动中的知识流动和知识创造机制 14-18
        2.2.1 知识流动机制研究 14-16
        2.2.2 知识创造机制研究 16-18
    2.3 影响知识流动与创造的因素分析 18-21
        2.3.1 影响知识流动的因素 19-20
        2.3.2 影响知识创造的因素 20-21
    2.4 小结 21-23
第三章 基于知识流动与创造的虚拟研发模式研究 23-36
    3.1 虚拟研发模式的概念、分类及优势分析 23-27
        3.1.1 虚拟研发模式概念的提出与发展 23-24
        3.1.2 虚拟研发组织的分类 24-26
        3.1.3 虚拟研发组织的优势及风险分析 26-27
    3.2 虚拟研发组织中的知识管理的三个机制 27-31
        3.2.1 知识创造机制研究 27-29
        3.2.2 知识流动机制研究 29-30
        3.2.3 知识整合机制研究 30-31
    3.3 虚拟研发组织的运行基础研究 31-34
        3.3.1 虚拟研发组织的运行原则 31-32
        3.3.2 虚拟研发组织的运行机制 32-33
        3.3.3 虚拟研发组织的运行平台 33-34
    3.4 小结 34-36
第四章 案例研究——美国新一代汽车合作伙伴计划（PNGV） 36-42
    4.1 新一代汽车合作伙伴计划（PNGV） 36-38
        4.1.1 背景 36-37
        4.1.2 PNGV 的目标 37
        4.1.3 PNGV 的成就 37-38
    4.2 案例分析 38-40
        4.2.1 案例选择依据 38-39
        4.2.2 PNGV 计划的特点 39
        4.2.3 PNGV 计划的平台建设 39-40
    4.3 小结 40-42
第五章 虚拟研发的国际经验及对我国的启示 42-53
    5.1 美国和日本的虚拟研发经验 42-44
        5.1.1 美国的虚拟研发经验 42-43
        5.1.2 日本的虚拟研发经验 43-44
    5.2 我国的研发状况及面临的挑战 44-46
        5.2.1 我国企业研究开发状况 44-46
        5.2.2 我国企业研发面临的挑战 46
    5.3 加快虚拟研发组织建立，实现技术的跨越式发展 46-51
        5.3.1 我国虚拟研发现状 46-47
        5.3.2 我国虚拟研发存在的问题 47-48
        5.3.3 实现虚拟研发跨越式发展的对策研究 48-51
    5.4 小结 51-53
致谢 53-54
参考文献 54-58
附件：作者在攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 58